What is Lie to Me?

Lie to Me was a popular American drama series that aired on the Fox TV Network. The show was cancelled almost 10 years ago (!!) in January of 2011 after running for 3 seasons. But despite the fact that almost a decade has passed after its last show aired on network TV, fans have not forgotten Cal Lightman (played by Tim Rooth) and The Lightman Group.

For those not familiar, the Lie to Me was loosely based on Dr. Paul Ekman’s work in the field of microexpressions. However, like any TV show, it must be remembered that Lie to Me was a television drama series where plot lines were fabricated, characters were fictional and the truth was often exaggerated. After all, it is entertainment.

In fact, Humintell previously blogged about the accuracy of the science depicted in the show. While much of the show is “rooted in actual science” much of it is exaggerated and the information should be taken with a grain of salt.

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Who is Cal Lightman?

The Lightman Group is headed by Dr. Cal Lightman, a “human lie detector” who spent years working for the FBI before he formed his own company. He and his team are hired to assist in cases where they question people’s honesty.  In the show we see Dr. Lightman talk to someone in regular conversation and within a few seconds, be able to tell if they are lying or not.

A misconception one might have from the show is that a company like The Lightman Group actually exists, when in fact, the company that is portrayed on the show does not exist in real life.

While it is true that psychologists can assist corporations and law enforcement groups to determine if someone is being honest, this takes countless hours of research and analysis of video footage.

This is contrary to the false depiction that a psychologist who studies facial expression and nonverbal behavior can know if someone is lying to them from 2 minutes of conversation. The work these psychologists engage in is often tedious; it involves facial coding, establishing a baseline for the person being observed and comparing their nonverbal and verbal actions.

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Do Truth Wizards Exist?

Although a company like the Lightman Group does not exist in real life, people like Ria Torres do.  Torres, who is a “natural” at detecting deception, is based off of the late Maureen O’Sullivan’s study called the Wizards Project.

Of the 13,000 people that were tested in their deception detection techniques, only 31 were wizards, who were able to tell “whether the person is lying, whether the lie is about an opinion, how someone is feeling or about a theft”.

Want to know what Dr. O’Sullivan’s opinion was about Lie to Me? View our past blog here.

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What is the Societal Impact of the Show?

Researchers at Michigan State University led by professor of communication, Timothy Levine, put Lie to Me viewer’s deception skills to the test in a new study entitled “The impact of Lie to Me on viewers’ actual ability to detect deception”.

The study which was published in the Journal of Communication Research, finds watching Lie to Me “increases suspicion of others but that is reduces one’s ability to detect deception”, according to an article written by Tom Jacobs of Miller-McCune.

The study suggests what we have been suggesting all along: that viewers of Lie to Me shouldn’t accept all information that is presented on the show as accurate or think they know more about lie detection without getting formal training.

Read more about this study and how it was conducted here

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Where can I watch Lie to Me?

Although the show has been cancelled, episodes are still available to stream via Hulu.

 

 

 

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Did you watch Lie to Me? What was your favorite episode or character?

By Wayne Hoover, CFI. This article originally appeared on w-z.com.

Study shows lying gets easier for those who lie repeatedly!

A new brain study recently published in Nature Neuroscience focuses on the effects of lying on the amygdala, a small tucked-away part of the brain that processes negative emotions. Using live human volunteers who were incentivized to lie repeatedly, the study was able to show that amygdala activity decreased after the first lie and continued to decrease before and after subsequent lies. This study is reported to be “the first empirical evidence that lying escalates as a result of emotional adaption.”

The study’s findings offer scientific-based evidence of why lying comes so easily to some people while others struggle to tell even a “little white lie.” It seems habitual liars are being let off easy by their amygdala! As a person tells more lies, the brain, in an effort to lessen emotional stress, becomes more and more desensitized to the discomfort initially caused by the act of lying. The study reports that as a result of this lessening of emotional angst, telling more lies becomes easier over time. Study author and director of the Affective Brain Lab, Dr. Tali Sharot, says that the study shows that small lies easily “snowball over time” and that subsequent lies create less negative emotional discomfort.

Small lies lead to bigger lies more easily told.

This study has implications beyond the science of the brain. It can help criminal investigators understand why people being interrogated can lie so believably and with such aplomb. People who regularly operate in the world of crime and navigate illegality with habitual lies have become inured to the emotional discomfort most people feel when they engage in lying. Seasoned liars may have felt badly when they engaged in their initial lie, but over time and through subsequent lies, they no longer feel badly at all. The negative discomfort, usually a natural brain response to lying, is no longer being processed by the amygdala. The study further reports that constant lying can affect brain health and make an individual more susceptible to pathological lying.

As the brain becomes more accepting of lying, the individual’s body reacts less and less to the act of lying and the liar becomes more adept at not exhibiting the usual and observable emotional and behavioral cues normally associated with lying. He no longer turns pale when beginning to lie; she no longer blinks rapidly when fabricating a falsehood. Criminal investigators acknowledge that some people can just “lie through their teeth” without a clue to their uncomfortable feelings about telling that lie, while others may exhibit more obviously their level of concern when lying.

When lying gets easier as the number and intensity of the lies increase, how can interrogators effectively read behavioral cues or facial expressions to extract reliable information?

As people get more comfortable with lying, their brain experiences less discomfort, but emotional cues, though they may be severely diminished, may still leak out in the form of facial expressions or other reactions. Modern science and advanced technology have led to the development of some very effective tools to help “read” the expressions of those who are so very good at lying. Expert training in interpreting subtle, split-second facial expressions can help case investigators and interrogators detect the clues they seek in their goal of obtaining the truth.

So what are the top 5 myths about liars out there?

Humintell has compiled a list of the top 5 myths about liars. Here they are:

1. Liars don’t look you in the eye

Lack of eye contact (or gaze aversion) is one of the biggest myths of lie detection. Of the many studies that have looked at gaze aversion and lying, most have concluded that a lack of eye contact does not necessarily indicate lying or telling the truth.

2. Liars stutter and pause

Even if unconsciously we could assume they are not being honest, stuttering or pausing are not necessarily signs of lying per se. They may just tell us the person is nervous. Why are they feeling that way? We can’t say unless we ask a few more questions. Remember: Lie detection is much more than just watching.

3. Liars touch their face

This is also another popular myth of lie detection. There is almost no scientific evidence that face touching of any kind is consistently indicative of lying. Do you remember the last time you touched your nose or covered your mouth? Were you lying?

4. Liars are nervous

People can be nervous due to countless reasons, including not only because they are lying but also because they want to prove their innocence. And, many people who tell the truth are nervous because they may be worried of not being believed.

5. Liars fidget

Fidgeting is our fifth lie detection myth: there is almost no research that reliably connects it to liars. As you can see, most of these myths are associated with nervousness. So the question we should consider is: Why is the person nervous?

For more on deception and lying, visit our past blog posts or visit our website dedicated to deception detection.